• The importance of the ATM

  2024-08-02

  

  The importance of the ATM/Tel1 to ATR/Mec1 switch in the response to DSBs remains to be determined. Noteworthy, resection-defective S. cerevisiae cells, such as sae2Δ, exo1Δ, fun30Δ or sgs1Δ mutants, fail to turn off the checkpoint in response to an unrepaired DSB [56], [127], [128]. Moreover, the s

• Introduction Apoptosis signal regulating kinase ASK a family

  2024-08-01

  

  Introduction Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1), a family member of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase kinase (MAP3K) family, selectively activates the JNK and p38 MAP kinase pathways in response to various types of stresses, including oxidative stress, and subsequently indu

• br Dysregulated aromatase expression the

  2024-08-01

  

  Dysregulated aromatase expression: the link between obesity and breast cancer Obesity has been associated with abnormally high expression of the enzyme aromatase in the breast, influencing the local production and bioavailability of estrogens (Morris et al, 2011, Subbaramaiah et al, 2012). Bowers

• sirtuin activators The R pycnus arginase was identical to

  2024-08-01

  

  The R. pycnus arginase was 65% identical to the published B. caldovelox arginase sequence (AAB06939). Furthermore, the R. pycnus arginase gene was 62%, 45%, 36% and 22% identical to the published arginase sequences from Bacillus thuringiensis (AJI37018), Thermus thermophiles (WP_038039155), Human ar

• Mitochondrial dysfunction resulting from mtDNA abnormalities

  2024-08-01

  

  Mitochondrial dysfunction resulting from mtDNA abnormalities may trigger retrograde signaling pathways from the mitochondrion to the nucleus, which regulate the expression of genes involved in diverse cellular processes, including metabolism, stress responses, tumor progression, nutrient sensing, li

• Although several ARIs have reached various phases of

  2024-08-01

  

  Although several ARIs have reached various phases of clinical experimentation however most of them have been withdrawn either due to an insufficient bioavailability, their poor efficacy or adverse side effects. Currently Epalrestat is in clinical use for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy. The sid

• br ABCA modulates intracellular sphingolipid metabolism

  2024-08-01

  

  ABCA2 modulates intracellular sphingolipid metabolism in the LE/LY Recycling of plasma membrane lipids that occurs by constitutive endocytosis and vesicularization of complex glycolipids, complex sphingolipids and cholesterol as well as free cholesterol liberated from LDL after receptor-mediated

• The direction of glutamate transport by the cell membrane tr

  2024-08-01

  

  The direction of glutamate transport by the cell membrane transporter is reversible. As mentioned above, glutamate transport is an electrogenic process associated with a transmembrane ion gradient established by the Na+-K+ pump through hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate. Under conditions of energy

• Until now the molecular interactions of Tmod or Lmod with

  2024-08-01

  

  Until now, the molecular interactions of Tmod or Lmod with Lovastatin had been assessed in pyrene-actin polymerization assays [13], [23], [27], [28], [44], [45] or directly measured using non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel-electrophoresis (for Tmod isoforms only [23]), ITC (for Tmod1 and Lmod2) [43],

• In this study we make

  2024-08-01

  

  In this study, we make the first simultaneous recordings of Chlorprothixene release in multiple brain regions at a temporal resolution less than 1 s. One of the most striking findings is that acetylcholine release has a remarkably similar temporal profile in the mPFC and dHPC, suggesting a coordina

• Based on the observation that antipsychotic drugs increase H

  2024-07-31

  

  Based on the observation that antipsychotic drugs increase 5-HT1A–D2 heteromerization level (Łukasiewicz et al., 2016), we set out to compare the effect of paroxetine to that of risperidone. Paroxetine, a potent SSRI, is very effective in the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders, e.g., gene

• br LOX in esophageal cancer Various studies

  2024-07-31

  

  5-LOX in esophageal cancer Various studies suggest that abnormal levels of AA metabolites play an essential role in human esophageal adenocarcinogenesis (EAC). The key AA derivatives of 5-LOX signaling molecules namely include, 5-HETE, LTB4, and cysteinyl LTs, which are well-known to initiate inf

• br Concluding remarks Autophagy ensures cell homeostasis and

  2024-07-31

  

  Concluding remarks Autophagy ensures cell homeostasis and survival through the continuous degradation/recycling of intracellular components. It can also represent a conserved, cell-intrinsic, defense mechanism against invading pathogens, including viruses. The autophagy process can be activated r

• Recruitment of the Rad BP mediator to chromatin involves

  2024-07-31

  

  Recruitment of the Rad9/53BP1 mediator to molecular weight ladder involves multiple pathways (Fig. 2). In unperturbed conditions, Rad9 is already bound to chromatin via interaction between its Tudor domain and methylated histone H3 at lysine 79 [82], [83], [84], [85]. This constitutive Rad9 recruitm

• Functional enhancers are often composed of binding motifs

  2024-07-31

  

  Functional enhancers are often composed of binding motifs of multiple key transcription factors to confer spatial and temporal regulation of genes in a certain context. In the uterus, the difference between the number of genes that have associated PGR occupancy and that of progesterone responsive ge

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