• Protein ubiquitination occurs at the lysine

  2020-09-19

  

  Protein ubiquitination occurs at the lysine residues, and is mediated by the sequential reactions of ubiquitin-activating enzyme (E1), conjugating enzyme (E2), and ligase (E3). The first step in this process comprises the ATP-dependent activation of ubiquitin by E1 to form a ubiquitin–E1 conjugate.

• br Conflict of interest statement br References

  2020-09-19

  

  Conflict of interest statement References and recommended reading Papers of particular interest, published within the period of review, have been highlighted as: Acknowledgements We acknowledge financial support by the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (Federal

• Given that CE plays an essential

  2020-09-19

  

  Given that CE plays an essential role in schistosome invasion, its immunoreactivity and protective potential is of significant interest. The native form of SmCE was found to be poorly immunogenic in immunized mice. An earlier study found that sera from S. mansoni patients have shown the presence of

• Because sex steroids and growth hormone play an

  2020-09-18

  

  Because sex steroids and growth hormone play an important role in the development and maintenance of hepatic CYP450 enzyme expression and ER expression, it is possible that exposure to endocrine active agents during gestation and perinatally could alter expression of these proteins. Therefore, these

• Bcl functions as a transcription repressor via its N termina

  2020-09-18

  

  Bcl6 functions as a transcription repressor via its N-terminal BTB domain and middle “second repression,” or “RD2” domain (Chang et al., 1996, Seyfert et al., 1996). A loss of function of the BCL6 BTB domain markedly impairs survival and proliferation of mature GC caudatin in a B cell intrinsic man

• CCR is another chemokine receptor that is upregulated in CLL

  2020-09-18

  

  CCR7 is another chemokine receptor that is upregulated in CLL [3], [61], [71], [96] and is believed to play a role in enabling cell entry into lymph nodes [97]. Higher mRNA and protein expression of CCR7 has been observed in unmutated compared to mutated IGHV CLL [46] and increased expression has be

• Previous in vitro and in vivo studies

  2020-09-18

  

  Previous in vitro and in vivo studies have shown the potent ability of toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands and type I interferon (IFN) signaling to induce CH25H in macrophages and DCs following exposure to innate immune stimuli (Bauman et al., 2009; Diczfalusy et al., 2009; Park and Scott, 2010; Zou et

• Protein A/G br Multi subunit RINGs There are RING type E s

  2020-09-18

  

  Multi-subunit RINGs There are RING-type E3s that exist as multi-subunit assemblies (see Fig. 3B). A striking example is the Cullin RING Ligase (CRL) superfamily [35], which exhibits enormous plasticity in substrate specificity. Each CRL subfamily is characterized by a cullin protein (Cul-1, 2, 3,

• Autophagy is a degradation pathway

  2020-09-18

  

  Autophagy is a degradation pathway existing in all eukaryotic organisms. It is the main system for the degradation of bulk cytoplasmic components in cells (Feng et al., 2014), but it also plays a crucial role in other processes, as immunity (Wileman, 2013), mitochondrial (Dengjel and Abeliovich, 201

• br Results br Discussion Taking advantage of

  2020-09-18

  

  Results Discussion Taking advantage of the highly specific protein–protein interactions among cognate pkc inhibitors that mediate SUMO conjugation to substrates, we have developed a novel strategy for achieving inhibition of SUMO conjugation in vivo based on disruption of SUMO E1–E2 interactio

• br Introduction The identification of genetic variants that

  2020-09-18

  

  Introduction The identification of genetic variants that influence susceptibility to Parkinson\'s disease (PD) determines functional studies, the generation of model systems and directs therapeutic strategies. To date, classical candidate gene association studies and genome-wide approaches have f

• br Common features of TdT pol and pol TdT pol

  2020-09-18

  

  Common features of TdT, pol μ and pol λ TdT, pol μ and pol λ remain in a closed conformation throughout their catalytic cycle, contrary to pol β [24•, 53, 54•]. One possible explanation for this observation is that they have traded fidelity (which requires open-to-closed transition) for a very ti

• br Conclusions In this paper we describe the recombinant

  2020-09-18

  

  Conclusions In this paper we describe the recombinant expression and characterization of ParI, a C5-DNA-MTase from P. arcticus 273–4. To our knowledge, this is the first characterization of an orphan C5-DNA-MTase from a psychrophilic bacterium. The C5-DNA-MTase could not be expressed in regular E

• br Results br Discussion In

  2020-09-18

  

  Results Discussion In addition to contributing to amino BTB06584 and lipid biosynthesis, mitochondrial metabolism affects nucleotide biosynthesis. Indeed, many components that contribute to both pyrimidine and purine bases are derived directly or indirectly from mitochondria. Besides glutamin

• Two in vitro reports using lung fibroblasts have shown that

  2020-09-18

  

  Two in vitro reports using lung fibroblasts have shown that cell transmigration, using transwell migration experiments, through collagen I-coated inserts is mediated by DDR2 and the DDR2-associated signaling kinases JAK2 and ERK1/2, but not DDR1 [63] and that DDR2 regulates the adhesion of fibroblas

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