• In summary EP signaling modulates heteromeric kainate recept

  2020-08-10

  

  In summary, EP1 signaling modulates heteromeric kainate receptors at multiple steps, both sensitizing mice to kainate-evoked status epilepticus and, separately, exacerbating the downstream consequences of status epilepticus. These results, together with those of Serrano et al. (2011) and Jiang et al

• The Acat gene was identified by

  2020-08-10

  

  The Acat1 gene was identified by functional complementation of a Chinese hamster ovary cell mutant lacking ACAT activity [12]. Unlike most other genes, human Acat1 is located in two different chromosomes, 3146 1 and 7, with each site containing a distinct promoter: chromosome 1 contains exons 1–16,

• The DDRs have also been shown to be regulators

  2020-08-10

  

  The DDRs have also been shown to be regulators of certain immunological functions. DDR1 is expressed in stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear STA9090 (Kamohara et al., 2001) and on activated T cells (Chetoui et al., 2011, Hachehouche et al., 2010, Kamohara et al., 2001). DDR1 can mediate cell mig

• It should also be noted that remarkable individual

  2020-08-08

  

  It should also be noted that remarkable individual differences in extinguished fear bradycardia (i.e., CS+E vs. CS−E) during initial Day 2 recall test were observed, particularly within Met carriers. Exploratory analyses revealed that these individual differences were partly driven by the level of r

• br STAR Methods br Microenvironmental niches for na

  2020-08-08

  

  STAR★Methods Microenvironmental niches for naïve and activated B cells Secondary lymphoid organs, such as the spleen and lymph nodes, are structurally and functionally compartmentalized to provide a set of microenvironmental niches that support the survival of resting B cells, as well as the a

• Previous modeling studies as well as more recent crystal str

  2020-08-07

  

  Previous modeling studies as well as more recent crystal structures of ETB proposed several models of ETB/ligand interaction [7], [9], [18]. Our studies indicate the second β-strand and a short linker region in ECL2 as well as the N-terminus of ETB (Fig. S1) as essential selectivity filters for seve

• Several laboratories have made dedicated attempts to identif

  2020-08-07

  

  Several laboratories have made dedicated attempts to identify A-NHEJ factors. In particular, a brute-force nuclear extract fractionation protocol identified LIGIII (DNA ligase III; [12]), heretofore known only for its role in BER (base excision repair), as the candidate ligase required for A-NHEJ [

• Recent studies reported on the

  2020-08-06

  

  Recent studies reported on the dependency of tumors with mutant RAS on SHP2 (Fedele et al., 2018, Mainardi et al., 2018, Nichols et al., 2018, Ruess et al., 2018). Consistent with those studies, we found RAS(G12X) mutants, but not RAS(Q61X), to be dependent on SHP2. However, although Mainardi et al.

• How do the structurally similar canonical

  2020-08-06

  

  How do the structurally similar canonical RINGs and RBR RING1s (Fig. 2B) direct a bound E2~Ub to perform different reactions—aminolysis in the case of RINGs and transthiolation in the case of RING1s? On their own, E2~Ub species are highly dynamic and flexible [67]. Upon binding to canonical RING dom

• The current study also did not

  2020-08-06

  

  The current study also did not address the topic of oxidative stress and alarmins, such as High Mobility Group Box-1 (HMGB1), which are known to accompany normal vaginal delivery [26], [27], [28], [29]. Thus, the relationship between oxidative stress, alarmins and cytokines could not be evaluated.

• NNC 55-0396 In mammals DEX can initiate transcription of CYP

  2020-08-06

  

  In mammals, DEX can initiate NNC 55-0396 of CYP2E1 (Sampol et al., 1997). The CYP2E1-like protein activity has also been identified in fish (Kaplan et al., 1999, Wall and Crivello, 1999, Zamaratskaia and Zlabek, 2011). To date, there are no reports on the in vivo effect of DEX on PNPH activity. In

• Our present study examined the effects of depleting macropha

  2020-08-06

  

  Our present study examined the effects of depleting macrophages in a spontaneous model of LN, while also circumventing any developmental defects by avoiding genetic manipulation. Although the mice were sacrificed before the control mice reached extremely high levels of proteinuria, we believe the re

• From the results of behavioral analysis

  2020-08-06

  

  From the results of behavioral analysis, antagonizing central CRF1 receptors seems to be essential to suppress increase in locomotion and anxiety behaviors because Compound B did not reduce locomotion induced by central CRF challenges (Fig. 6B). Compound A decreased locomotion (Fig. 6B) and anxiety

• The vascular endothelium is a highly dynamic multifunctional

  2020-08-06

  

  The vascular endothelium is a highly dynamic multifunctional organ that is critically involved in the regulation of vessel integrity, vascular growth and remodeling, tissue growth and metabolism, immune responses, cell adhesion, angiogenesis, hemostasis and vascular permeability [23]. Therefore, the

• A significant issue that has limited the

  2020-08-05

  

  A significant issue that has limited the biochemical characterization of the E1 helicase to only a few PV types has been the difficulty in expressing and purifying large quantities of the protein in a recombinant form that can support cell-free DNA replication. This is in part due to the fact that E

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