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br Acknowledgement This work was funded by
2023-07-28
Acknowledgement This work was funded by NIH/NINDS grant number NS080967 to C. Waites. Introduction Macro-autophagy also called autophagy is a conserved pathway for the lysosomal degradation and recycling of intracellular materials. It is instrumental for the homeostasis of cells and tissues
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br Exocytosis of GLUT by
2023-07-28
Exocytosis of GLUT4 by autophagy Conclusion Conflict of interest Ethics statement Antigen processing and presentation Adaptive immune response has to be instructed to identify and eliminate specific pathogens or foreign entities defined by their antigenic determinants. Processed antig
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Cancer cells manifest characteristic abnormal growth propert
2023-07-28
Cancer hematopoietic stem cells manifest characteristic abnormal growth properties accompanying clonal evolution of cells displaying progressively increasing genomic instability capable of invasion and metastasis to distant organ sites. With the emerging knowledge about the role of known oncogene a
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Polyphenols like flavonoids have the potential
2023-07-28
Polyphenols like flavonoids have the potential to penetrate into lipid bilayers which is vital for enabling protection against oxidation. Rosmarinic KU14R is a natural polyphenol antioxidant isolated from Sphaeranthus amaranthoides. Polyphenols can inhibit the propagation of lipid oxidation by two
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Aurora B is also very important in
2023-07-28
Aurora-B is also very important in proper cytokinesis. In the absence of Aurora-B mediated phosphorylation of Ser72 in vimentin, the two daughter cells remain attached to each other through bridges of cytoplasm; cytokinesis fails [31]. Other Aurora-B dependent proteins that are important for cytokin
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br Acknowledgment br Introduction The yeast Cdc ATPase
2023-07-28
Acknowledgment Introduction The yeast Cdc48 ATPase and its metazoan ortholog p97 (or VCP) are critical components of many ubiquitin-dependent cellular pathways that require the segregation of individual proteins from binding partners or membranes (for review, see Buchberger, 2013, Meyer and We
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Acknowledgments br Introduction Prostate cancer is the
2023-07-28
Acknowledgments Introduction Prostate cancer is the first leading cause of cancer-related deaths among males in the UK and the second in the US. Despite recent advances in surgery, radiation, medical management and screening, prostate cancer patients suffer high morbidity and mortality and signi
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The LO has so far only been
2023-07-28
The 15-LO-1 has so far only been found in humans and rabbit reticulocytes [3], [20] and the rabbit 15-LO-1 protein demonstrate 81% identity to the human 15-LO-1. However, rabbit monocytes express an enzyme with mainly 12-LO activity [20], [21]. The high degree of sequence conservation between these
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A unique finding in this study is that LO
2023-07-28
A unique finding in this study is that 12/15-LO influences CREB phosphorylation in the murine brain. While previous reports have found that knockout of 5-lipoxygenase, a related enzyme that also uses arachidonic 4 oht for substrate, can regulate CREB phosphoryation in the context of Alzheimer's dis
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Given that neither case is derived from
2023-07-28
Given that neither case is derived from multiplex Bleomycin Sulfate with affected individuals, principles of Mendelian segregation cannot be applied to implicate the T201S mutation in causing familial CJD. In addition, like many rare gene variants, it is not possible to apply practice guidelines suc
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br Acknowledgements br Introduction The angiogenic
2023-07-28
Acknowledgements Introduction The angiogenic ocular conditions represent the most common cause of blindness in developed countries [1]. It can affect all ages, for example, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in infants [2], [3], diabetic retinopathy (DR) [4] in working age adults and age-related
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In another study Yerra and Kumar used streptozotocin to
2023-07-28
In another study, Yerra and Kumar (2016) used streptozotocin to induce diabetic neuropathy in rats. Mechanical/thermal hyperalgesia, motor/sensory nerve conduction velocities (MNCV and SNCV) and sciatic nerve blood flow (NBF) were evaluated. In vitro studies of Neuro2a (N2A) cell culture were perfor
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Recently Kamoshita et al evaluated a mouse model
2023-07-28
Recently, Kamoshita et al. (2016) evaluated a mouse model of retinal neuronal disturbance with the intraperitoneal injection of LPS and found that treatment with AICAR suppressed the reduction of conical function and decreased mRNA levels of TNF-α as well as improved mRNA levels of the mitochondrial
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According to their structures and substrate specificity MMPs
2023-07-28
According to their structures and substrate specificity, MMPs are divided into five major groups: collagenases (e.g., MMP1), gelatinases (e.g., MMP2, MMP9), stromelysins (e.g., MMP3, MMP10), matrilysins (e.g., MMP7), and membrane-type MMPs [7]. Among them, MMP1 is a major collagenase that degrades t
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The importance of insulin in controlling lipolysis
2023-07-28
The importance of insulin in controlling lipolysis and fat mass is further emphasized by mouse models with alterations in the insulin signaling pathway of adipocytes. For example, mice with a tamoxifen-inducible knockout of the insulin receptor in mature adipocytes reveal a substantial decrease of a
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