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877877 receptor Introduction Cardiovascular disease is the p
2024-01-16
Introduction Cardiovascular disease is the principal cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with 877877 receptor (1). Comprehensive management of these patients includes not only adequate glycemic control but also attention to additional recognized risk factors. Hypertension is a cardiovascu
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br Introduction Several studies have found that hypothalamic
2024-01-15
Introduction Several studies have found that hypothalamic Akt-mediated signaling pathways play critical roles in the regulation of food intake and (S)-Methylisothiourea sulfate sale metabolism in mammals [[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]]. Central injections of the inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3- k
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br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion In this
2024-01-15
Materials and methods Results Discussion In this study, we observed that PACAP2 immunoreactivity is mainly distributed in the telencephalon, hippocampus, and cerebellum of the zebrafish brain. This distribution pattern is similar to that reported in a previous study in which PACAP immunorea
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MicroRNA miRNA is an abundant group of small nucleotide nonc
2024-01-15
MicroRNA (miRNA) is an abundant group of small (22-nucleotide) noncoding RNA molecules that directly binds with 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) to regulate gene expression, playing an important role in variety of biological processes including cell proliferation, apopto
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A promising target that is involved in
2024-01-15
A promising target that is involved in the biosynthesis of the precursor LTA4 is the 5-LO-activating protein (FLAP), which in vivo is seemingly indispensable for LT formation [8], [9]. FLAP, a member of the MAPEG family (membrane-associated proteins in eicosanoid and glutathione metabolism), is an i
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Introduction Lipoxygenases LOXs are key
2024-01-15
Introduction Lipoxygenases (LOXs) are key enzymes that catalyze the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as arachidic T7 High Yield Cy3 RNA (AA), linoleic acid (LA) and others unsaturated fatty acids (Brash, 1999). LOXs are expressed in immune, neural, epithelial, tumor cells and other cells (
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Hydrogen sulfide H S a colorless and water soluble
2024-01-15
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) [33], a colorless and water-soluble gas with the smell of rotten eggs, is now recognized as an important gasotransmitter, after the extensive study of nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO). H2S is produced endogenously via enzymatic reactions of cysteine, homocysteine and
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Over expression of the inflammatory cytokines MMPs and COX
2024-01-15
Over expression of the inflammatory cytokines, MMPs and COX-2 act as an important inducer of chronic inflammation. COX-2 catalyzes the biosynthesis of prostaglandins (PGs), and induced expression was observed in Necrosulfonamide stimulated with pro-inflammatory cytokines or bacterial lipopolysaccha
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It remains to elucidate whether proteolytic
2024-01-13
It remains to elucidate whether proteolytic activity is the cause or the consequence of changing levels of peptidergic substrates. In fact, in some cases, the expression of the enzyme does not necessarily parallel with its activity [26], [55], [57] and other factors such as a definite biochemical en
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The cellular mechanism underlying the CGS mediated inhibitio
2024-01-13
The cellular mechanism underlying the CGS12066-mediated inhibition of glutamate release from hippocampal nerve terminals through presynaptic 5-HT1B receptors remains to be elucidated. 5-HT1B receptors are coupled to PTX-sensitive G proteins (Gi or Go) that have been shown to inhibit AC activity as w
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The extent to which GPCR
2024-01-13
The extent to which GPCR oligomerization is a regulated process still remains unclear. Reported effects of ligands on both GPCR homo- and heteromers are highly variable and depend on GPCR subtypes and the specific ligand used. According to our data, chronic treatment of mice with both paroxetine or
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Adenosine receptors activate a number
2024-01-13
Adenosine receptors activate a number of signalling pathways involved in tissue survival including several mitogen-activated protein kinases (Fredholm et al., 2001). The common feature of all adenosine receptors is the positive coupling to ERK1/2, whilst A2B and A3 receptors can also activate the st
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MicroRNA miRNA is an abundant
2024-01-13
MicroRNA (miRNA) is an abundant group of small (22-nucleotide) noncoding RNA molecules that directly binds with 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) to regulate gene expression, playing an important role in variety of biological processes including cell proliferation, apopto
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br Patients and methods The severity of disease documented a
2024-01-13
Patients and methods The severity of disease documented at each outpatient visit was graded according to the modified Osserman classification: grade I, focal disease (e.g. restricted to ocular muscles); grade II, generalised disease that is mild (IIa) or moderate (IIb); grade III, severe generali
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br Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank Ms
2024-01-13
Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank Ms. Ashley Davis for her administrative assistance in preparing this article and Mr. Dan Beck for his artistic contributions to Fig. 1. Introduction Acetylcholine is the most abundant neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS) of insec
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