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br Acknowledgement This work was
2021-09-11
Acknowledgement This work was supported in part by grants from the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad from Spain (BFU2011-23034). Introduction The glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia emerged from observations in the 1960s that phencyclidine and similar psychotomimetic agents produce sc
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br Effects of norepinephrine on
2021-09-11
Effects of norepinephrine on HIV infection The few in vitro studies specifically examining the effects of norepinephrine on HIV infection suggest that this catecholamine can influence the HIV replication process, although the precise mechanism is unclear. Cole and colleagues found concentrations
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Although NO may act as the substrate for NO
2021-09-11
Although, NO2− may act as the substrate for NO biosynthesis no strict correlation between NO2− fluctuation in roots and NO content was observed in tomato roots. As the culture period was prolonged NO2− concentration declined in control and m-Tyr exposed seedlings, and finally its concentration was s
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It is interesting to note that the
2021-09-11
It is interesting to note that the long and short forms of GPR120 exist at different basal levels of phosphorylation, with the short form demonstrating a greater degree of constitutive activity [12]. Importantly, Burns and Moniri [12] showed that, upon activation, the long and short isoforms of GPR1
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Curcumin is the active ingredient extracted from the natural
2021-09-11
Curcumin is the active ingredient extracted from the natural medicine turmeric rhizome (Goel et al., 2008, Aggarwal and Harikumar, 2009). Studies have shown that curcumin has anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties (Larsen et al., 2007, López-Lázaro, 2008). Although c
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Selective pharmacological inhibition of tonic currents indic
2021-09-11
Selective pharmacological inhibition of tonic currents indicated that the effects of gp120 are predominantly mediated by α5-containing GABAARs. The other dominant subtype that contributes to tonic current in the hippocampus, the δ-containing GABAAR, was unaffected by gp120 treatment. Additionally, i
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ETV plays an important role in tumorigenesis and metastasis
2021-09-11
ETV5 plays an important role in tumorigenesis and metastasis. For example, chromosomal rearrangement of ETV5 which results in increased ETV5 level is believed as a common event driving human prostate cancer (Helgeson et al., 2008; Huang and Waknitz, 2009). Ghrelin/acyl-ghrelin also plays an importan
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In order to test the
2021-09-11
In order to test the influence of the initial depolarization, experiments were performed, where the degree of chloride substitution was varied, either by adding n-Ringer to Viomycin receptor incubated in a sucrose Ringer or by suspending the cells directly in Ringers identical to the final composit
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Introduction br Alzheimer pathology A and Tau Amyloid protei
2021-09-11
Introduction Alzheimer pathology: Aβ and Tau Amyloid β protein (Aβ) plays an important role in AD pathogenesis. At the molecular level, senile amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) are two neuropathological hallmarks of AD [1]. Mutations in genes encoding amyloid precursor protein (A
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br Role of FPRs in regulating the inflammatory
2021-09-10
Role of FPRs in regulating the inflammatory response Annexin I is a glucocorticoid-regulated protein possessing both pro- and anti-inflammatory activity that might be mediated, in part, by FPR activation [35]. Expressed in a variety of cell types, annexin I is particularly abundant in neutrophils
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In addition to attenuating joint inflammation via T cells
2021-09-10
In addition to attenuating joint Sennoside D australia via T cells, Cpd43 could also decrease the severity of CIA/AIA by suppressing the function of innate leukocytes such as neutrophils and macrophages via FPRs, as has been shown in other acute inflammatory models including neutrophil/macrophage-m
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Several observations about structure activity relationships
2021-09-10
Several observations about structure–activity relationships can be made from this series, including that: (1) all lead compounds are NSAIDs of the 2-arylpropionic EI1 class, (2) analogues with -oriented aryl substituents showed the best inhibition of FAAH, and (3) replacing the ether linkage of fen
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The replenishment time course of already tethered vesicle
2021-09-10
The replenishment time course of already-tethered vesicle to became release ready, was examined by TIRFM imaging combined with calcium uncaging. By UV-flash photolysis of caged calcium, intracellular calcium concentration raises rapidly and homogenously throughout the cell (Ellis-Davies, 2008). Upon
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br Formation of secretory vesicles and trafficking toward pl
2021-09-10
Formation of secretory vesicles and trafficking toward plasma membrane Insulin and other components of the secretory granules are sorting and providing certain cues for XAV-939 australia off the adjacent TGN membrane, forming immature secretory clathrin coated vesicles (Gehart and Ricci, 2013).
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STAR Methods br Acknowledgments We thank C Hong R Huang
2021-09-10
STAR★Methods Acknowledgments We thank C. Hong, R. Huang, and Z. Yu at the HHMI Janelia cryo-EM facility for help with microscope operation and data collection. We thank A. Müller, W. Kan, and W. Weis for help with the SEC-MALS analysis and M. Elazar and J. Glenn for the use of equipment. P. Love
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