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Actinomycin D As described in the introductory section the r
2024-04-03
As described in the introductory section, the rotifer nervous system would be capable to transmit Actinomycin D in throughout its neural pathways. In addition, Clément and Amsellem (1989) and Kotikova et al. (2001) suggested acetylcholine to be important for the functioning of rotifer muscles and t
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br Acknowledgments br Introduction Hypospadias is a
2024-04-03
Acknowledgments Introduction Hypospadias is a common congenital malformation in males, in which the urethral orifice is found on the ventral side of the penis as a result of incomplete fusion of urethral folds. The mean prevalence in per 10,000 live births from 1910 to 2013 were: Europe 19.9,
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br Funding br Introduction l Dihydroxyphenylalanine l DOPA i
2024-04-03
Funding Introduction l-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) is the gold-standard treatment for the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD); however, its chronic use induces severe motor complications that eventually limit its long-term efficacy (Bastide et al., 2015). The most disabling side
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The srd a isoforms showed unique expression profiles in
2024-04-03
The srd5a isoforms showed unique expression profiles in early FHM development (Fig. 2). Similar to amphibian embryos, there was a high abundance of both srd5a1 and srd5a3 at 1dpf in FHMs, suggesting that mRNA for these enzymes may be maternally deposited and that these enzymes may play a key role in
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For both the hydroxylation and lyase
2024-04-03
For both, the 17α-hydroxylation and 17, 20-lyase reactions, the heme iron center of P450 17A1 receives electron reducing equivalents from CPR. Both reactions require one pair of electrons and molecular oxygen for the conversion of the substrate into product in each catalytic cycle. However, the 17,2
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br Autophagy at the Synapse The synapse is a
2024-04-03
Autophagy at the Synapse The synapse is a highly specialized neuronal compartment that forms the basic unit of communication between neurons. Communication relies on electrical signals that are propagated down the axon of the presynaptic neuron, where they trigger the quantal release of neurotran
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br Acknowledgment br Introduction The yeast Cdc ATPase and
2024-04-03
Acknowledgment Introduction The yeast Cdc48 ATPase and its metazoan ortholog p97 (or VCP) are critical components of many ubiquitin-dependent cellular pathways that require the segregation of individual proteins from binding partners or membranes (for review, see Buchberger, 2013, Meyer and We
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To investigate if WP increased CAT
2024-04-03
To investigate if WP increased CAT activity in cells, C2C12 muscle Phosphate Colorimetric Assay Kit were treated with 0.1 to 0.4 mg/mL of WP (80.05% protein) for 24 h and then stressed with 0.75 mM H2O2 for 1 h (Xu et al., 2011). The CAT activity was significantly enhanced from 15.1 ± 0.7 to 23.7 ±
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N-Nonyldeoxynojirimycin receptor br HMG proteins mobile modu
2024-04-03
HMG proteins: mobile modulators of chromatin structure and cellular phenotype The term “High Mobility Group” was originally coined for the HMG proteins because of their unusual solubility properties, their small size and their rapid mobility, relative to other chromatin proteins, during gel elect
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Dioscin br Introduction Metabolic cues are
2024-04-03
Introduction Metabolic cues are crucial inputs in dictating acute responses through governing cellular signaling pathways as well as in shaping up long-term transcriptional and epigenetic profiles to control chronic cellular responses (Lu and Thompson, 2012). It has been well documented that meta
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and LO are members of the lipoxygenase family that convert
2024-04-03
5- and 12/15-LO are members of the lipoxygenase family that convert arachidonic Bialaphos sodium salt into lipid mediators such as leukotriene B4 (LTB) and 12()-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE) and 15()-HETE, respectively. Evidence from several in vitro and in vivo studies has shown that activat
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br Acknowledgements This work was supported by
2024-04-03
Acknowledgements This work was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation (IOS- 1353366), the Hatch Program of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture (VA-135908) and the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, to G.P. Introduction With steadily rising number of affect
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br Mechanisms for regulation of intracellular cholesterol ho
2024-04-02
Mechanisms for regulation of intracellular cholesterol homeostasis Cells maintain intracellular free cholesterol levels and distribution within stringent tolerances by several mechanisms [55]: (1) uptake of native LDL (the major extracellular carrier of cholesterol) by LDL receptors and modified
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br A Rs which were cloned and then
2024-04-02
A3Rs, which were cloned and then pharmacologically identified in the early 1990s, are expressed in multiple organs and peripheral tissues including Tubacin involved in inflammatory responses (Gessi et al., 2008, Borea et al., 2014). While low levels are expressed in the CNS, A3R agonists produce
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4-P-PDOT Moreover our results indicate that
2024-04-02
Moreover, our results indicate that ADP is by far a better phosphate donor than AMP (Table 2). Yet, the bindings of AMP and ATP are mutually exclusive, whereas the bindings of ADP and ATP are additive (Fig. 7). The multiplicity of the phosphate donors in the TgAK reaction (Tables 1 & 2), suggests th
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