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  • MicroRNA or miRNA is group of RNA molecule

    2021-10-19

    MicroRNA, or miRNA, is group of RNA molecule of about 22 nucleotides without protein-coding function. MicroRNAs are widely distributed in plants, animals and even some viruses and participant in both normal physiological and pathological processes by post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression and RNA silencing (Bartel, 2004). Participation of miRNAs has been observed in nearly all aspects of the onset, development and progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (Manikandan et al., 2016). MiR-200c plays a role as tumor suppressor gene in several types of malignancies (Li et al., 2014; Shimono et al., 2009). It has been reported that miR-200c inhibits both tumor growth and metastasis presumptive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma stem Fmoc-Hyp-OH (Lo et al., 2011), and the functions of miR-200c in endometrial carcinoma is likely achieved through the inactivation of Akt pathway by targeting BMI-1 (Li et al., 2007). However, to date, the involvement of miR-200c, and the molecular mechanism of its action in oral squamous cell carcinoma still hasn’t been reported.
    Materials and methods
    Results
    Discussion In spite of the complexity of the pathogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma, involvement of miRNAs in the molecular mechanism of this disease has been widely studied. miRNA-155 is highly expressed in cancer nest, vascular endothelium and inflammatory area, and the abnormally upregulated miRNA-155 is closely correlated with the poor prognosis (Shi et al., 2015). In contrast, miR-433 was downregulated in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma compared with normal healthy people, indicating its possible role as a tumor suppressor gene in this disease (Wang et al., 2015). The functionality of miR-200c has been studied in several human diseases, including different types of malignancies, such as non-small cell lung cancer (Li et al., 2014) and breast cancer (Shimono et al., 2009). Downregulation of miR-200c, which is common during tumor development, not only promotes tumor growth and progression but also causes adverse prognosis (Wilczynski et al., 2018). In our study, significantly increased expression level of miR-200c in tumor tissues comparing with adjacent healthy tissues was observed from about 89.7% of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. In addition, expression level of miR-200c in serum was significantly lower in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma than that in healthy controls, and was further decreased with the increased stage of primary tumor. Those data suggest that downregulation of miR-200c is very likely to be involved in the pathogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Diagnosis and treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma is still challenged by the lack of effective and reliable diagnostic and prognostic markers. Our study showed that miR-200c could be used to effectively distinguish oral squamous cell carcinoma patients from healthy controls, and low serum miR-200c level predicted poor survival. It’s worth to mention that miR-200c was abnormally expressed in several malignancies (Li et al., 2014; Shimono et al., 2009), which may affect the specificity of miR-200c in the diagnosis and prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Therefore, combination of multiple biomarkers is needed. A previous study showed that miR-200c is involved in glucose-mediated pathological processes (Zhang, Guan, & Jin, 2017). Glucose metabolism is critical for the growth and proliferation of both normal cells and cancer cells, and reprogramming glucose metabolism now has been considered as a target of the treatment of malignancies (Hay, 2016). In this study, overexpression of miR-200c significantly reduced glucose uptake of cells of both human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. In addition, miR-200c overexpression also significantly inhibited the proliferation of cancer cells. Those data indicate that overexpression of miR-200c may serve as a potential target for the treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma.